Sensitive Periods for Music Training

A Review of Literature

Abstract

This study addresses the issue of sensitive periods—a developmental window when experience or stimulation has unusually strong and long-lasting impacts on certain areas of brain development and thus behavior (Bailey and Penhune 2012)—for music training. Are there really sensitive periods in which early musical training has greater effects on the brain and behavior than training later in life? Many neuroscience studies support the idea that beginning music training before the age of 7 is advantageous in many developmental aspects, based on findings that early onset of music training is closely associated with enhanced structural and functional plasticity in visual-, auditory-, somatosensory-, and motor-related regions of the brain. Although these studies help early childhood music educators expand understanding of the potential benefits of early music training, they often mislead us to believe that early onset is simply better. Careful consideration on details of these research studies should be given when we apply these research findings into practice. In this regard, this study provides a systematic review on neuroscience studies related to the issue of sensitive periods for childhood music training and discusses how early childhood music educators could apply these findings to their music teaching practice.